三〇、读《十字架之真谛》后寄著者书
三〇、读《十字架之真谛》后寄著者书(十一月七日)
吾在安谋司赴东美学生会时遇美国人节克生君(HenryE.Jackson),与谈甚相得。其人著书甚多,顷承以所著《十字架之真谛》见寄,嘱余读后告以所见,因作此书寄之。余向不留函稿,此书以可以见余宗教思想之一斑,故节录之:
…YouhavemorethanoncereferredtothedeathofSocratesincontrasttothedeathofJesus.Franklyspeaking,thedeathofSocratesasdescribedbyPlatooftenappealstomemorestronglythanthedeathofJesuswhichIfindinthefourGospels.ItseemstomethatonemustfirsthavetheChristianpointofviewinmindinordertobeabletosaythatwhatJesusdidduringthecrucifixionwasgreaterandnoblerthanwhatSocratesdidathisdeath…ShallIsaythatyouhaveunjustlythoughunconsciouslybelittledthedeathofSocrates?
Again,yousay:"ThewayJesusactedshowedHimtobetheSonofGod,andbecauseHewastheSonofGod,HeactedasHedid."Itseemstomethathereyouareunconsciouslyreasoninginacircle.YouassumetheChristianassumptionthatJesuswastheSonofGod's.Fortomewhohavenosuchpresuppositioninmind,thebehaviorofJesusduringhiscrucifixiondoesnotprovethatHewasGod'sSon,anymorethanthedeathofSocratesorthedeathofStephen(Acts6.)provesSocratesorStephentobetheSonofGod.
InasenseIamaUnitarian,althoughIhaveneverlabeledmyreligion.IhavegreateradmirationandloveforJesusifhewereaman,thanifhewerethesonofGod.ItwouldnotberemarkableatallfortheSonofGodtoactasJesusdidact.ButitwasandwillalwaysberemarkablethatamanshouldhaveactedasJesusdid.
Inshort,youhave"succeededinfreeingthetruthinJesusdeathfromprovincial,theologicaltheories"(toquoteyourownwords)allexceptone,namely,thetheorythatJesuswastheSonofGod.Andthattheoryneedsprooftoo.
〔中译〕……您曾多次提到苏格拉底之死,以与耶稣之死相比较。坦率地说,柏拉图曾经谈到苏格拉底之死,他的死比起吾在四福音书中看到的耶稣之死更能打动吾之心。以余观之,一个人心中先得有了耶稣的观点,才能认为耶稣在十字架上的牺牲比起苏格拉底之死更伟大更高尚。……您无意中贬低了苏格拉底之死,这不是显见得您的不公正吗?
您又说:“耶稣的行为显示了他是上帝之子,因为他是上帝之子,所以他做了上帝之子应该做的事。”以余观之,您在这里的推理无意中兜了一个圈子。您先作了一个假定,说耶稣是上帝之子,吾以为设若心中没有这个预先的假定,就不会从耶稣死于十字架上推出他是上帝之子。设若苏格拉底或是斯蒂芬也是死于十字架上,则也可推出他们是上帝之子。
吾或许可算是一个一尊教的信徒,虽然吾从未表明过吾之宗教。耶稣如果不是作为上帝之子,而是作为一个人,那么吾将更爱他,更敬佩他。作为上帝之子,耶稣的行为就没有什么卓越之处了。设若一个人像耶稣那样作为,那么从过去以及从将来来看,他都是卓绝超群的。
简而言之,正如您自己所说,您“已经成功地将耶稣之死的真理从褊狭的神学的理论中解放了出来”。只除了一点,即耶稣是上帝之子的理论,这一理论还有待证明。