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一三、日英盟约

《胡适留学日记:全十七卷》 作者:胡适 0

一三、日英盟约(八月十七日)
AgreementofalliancebetweentheUnitedKingdomandJapan.
SignedatLondon,July13,1911
Preamble:
ThegovernmentofGreatBritainandthegovernmentofJapan,havinginviewtheimportantchangeswhichhavetakenplaceinthesituationsincetheconclusionoftheAnglo-Japaneseagreementofthe12thofAugust,1905,andbelievingthatarevisionofthatagreementrespondingtosuchchangeswouldcontributetogeneralstabilityandrepose,haveagreeduponthefollowingstipulationstoreplacetheagreementabovementioned,suchstipulationshavingthesameobjectasthesaidagreement,namely:
(a)TheconsolidationandmaintenanceofthegeneralpeaceintheregionsofEasternAsiaandIndia.
(b)ThepreservationofthecommoninterestsofallpowersinChinabyinsuringtheindependenceandintegrityoftheChineseempireandtheprincipleofequalopportunitiesforthecommerceandindustryofallnationsinChina.
(c)ThemaintenanceoftheterritorialrightsofthehighcontractingpartiesintheregionsofEasternAsiaandIndia,andthedefenseoftheirspecialinterestsinthesaidregions.
ArticleIItisagreedthatwhenever,intheopinionofeitherGreatBritainorJapan,anyoftherightsandinterestsreferredtointhepreambleofthisagreementareinjeopardy,thetwogovernmentswillcommunicatewithoneanotherfullyandfranklyandwillconsiderincommon,themeasureswhichshouldbetakentosafeguardthosemenacedrightsorinterests.
ArticleⅡIfbyreasonofunprovokedattackoraggressiveaction.wheneverarising,onthepartofanyPowerorPowers,eitherhighcontractingpartyshouldbeinvolvedinwarindefenseofitsterritorialrightsorspecialinterestsmentionedinthepreambleofthisagreement,theotherhighcontractingpartywillatoncecometoassistanceofitsallyandwillconductthewarincommonandmakepeaceinmutualagreementwithit.
ArticleⅢThehighcontractingpartiesagreethatneitherofthemwill,withoutconsultingtheother,enterintoseparatearrangementswithanotherPowertotheprejudiceoftheobjectsdescribedinthepreambleofthisagreement.
ArticleIVShouldeitherhighcontractingpartyconcludeatreatyofgeneralarbitrationwithathirdpower,itisagreedthatnothinginthisagreementshallentailuponsuchcontractingpartyanobligationtogotowarwiththepowerwithwhomsuchtreatyofarbitrationisinforce.
ArticleVTheconditionunderwhicharmedassistanceshallbeaffordedbyeitherpowertotheotherinthecircumstancesmentionedinthepresentagreementandthemeansbywhichsuchassistanceistobemadeavailablewillbearrangedbythenavalandmilitaryauthoritiesofthehighcontractingparties,whowillfromtimetotimeconsultoneanotherfullyandfreelyuponallquestionsofmutualinterest.
ArticleⅥThepresentagreementshallcomeintoeffectimmediatelyafterthedateofitssignature,andremaininforcefortenyearsfromthatdate.
Incaseneitherofthehighcontractingpartiesshouldhavenotifiedtwelvemonthsbeforetheexpirationofthesaidtenyearstheintentionofterminatingit,itshallremainbindinguntiltheexpirationofoneyearfromthedayonwhicheitherofthehighcontractingpartiesshallhavedenouncedit.But,ifwhenthedatefixedforitsexpirationarrives,eitherallyisactuallyengagedinwar,theallianceshallipsofactocontinueuntilpeaceisconcluded.
Signed,E.GREY,SecretaryofStateforForeignAffairs.TAKAAKIKATO,AmbassadorExtraordinary.Theforegoingisthelatest,revisedtextandtheoneatpresentinoperation.
〔中译〕日英盟约(1911年7月13日签于伦敦)前言大英帝国政府和日本政府鉴于自1905年8月12日日英盟约签订以来,形势已发生了重要的变化,认为为适应形势变化而对于上述盟约进行修改,将有助于促进地区安定与和平。因此达成协议签订如下条款以取代前述之盟约,此条款的宗旨与前述盟约一致,即:
(a)巩固和维持东亚与印度地区的和平。
(b)在确保中华帝国的独立与完整的前提下保护列强在华的共同利益,并坚持各国在华工业和贸易机会均等的原则。
(c)维护在东亚及印度等地区缔约各国的领土权利及保护在上述地区它们的特殊利益。
第一条大英帝国及日本一致同意,当此盟约前言中所提及的任何权益受到威胁时,两国政府将彻底坦诚地交换意见,并考虑采取共同步骤以保护上述受到危害的权利和利益。
第二条一旦发生了非因触犯而发生的攻击或侵略行为,就任何强国来说,缔约国一方为了保卫其领土的权利及在本盟约前言中所提及的特殊利益而卷入战争,则缔约另一方必须立即协助其盟国共同参战以达致盟约中所订之共同和平。
第三条缔约双方均同意,任何一方在未与对方商定的情况下不得与任何强国单独达成协议以损害在本盟约前言中所提及之宗旨。
第四条缔约任一方一旦与第三国达成仲裁协议,则此条约不应使此缔约国承担任何义务去与此仲裁条约对之生效的国家宣战。
第五条此条约所提及的各种情况一旦发生,缔约一方应向另一方提供行之有效的军事援助,援助的条件及方式应由各缔约国的海军及军事当局来安排。各缔约国在此期间均应就关系到双方利益的问题不断进行磋商。
第六条此条约自签字之日起立即生效,有效期为十年。
如果缔约双方在上述十年有效期满之前十二个月没有宣告废除此条约的意图,那么此条约将继续对缔约各方具有约束力,直至缔约各方宣告废除此条约之日起一年期满为止。又如果此指定的期满之日到来之际,有任一方仍处于交战状态之时,盟约仍继续生效直至达成和平之日为止。
英国外相E.GREY(签名)日本特命大使TAKAAKIKATO(签名)
以上是最新的经过修改的条文,目前已生效。
上载为日英盟约(一九一一年修正)之全稿。其第二条即所谓攻守同盟之约也。其第四条甚可玩味,所谓“仲裁”之约之功用,即此可见一斑。